Kuwait bought thirty A-4KU and six TA-4KU in 1976 and used them until 1997.
During Operation Desert Storm, Kuwait Skyhawks flew attack missions against the advancing Iraqi forces from deserted roads after their bases were overrun. Twenty-four of the 29 A-4KUs escaped to Saudi Arabia. The escaped Skyhawks (along with escaped Dassault Mirage F1s) operated as the Free Kuwait Air Force, flying 1,361 sorties during the liberation of Kuwait.
Only one A-4KU (KAF-828, BuNo. 160207) shot down by Iraqi radar-guided SAM on 17 January 1991. The pilot, Mohammed Mubarak, ejected and was taken prisoner.
20 Kuwaiti Skyhawks were later sold to Brazil (redesignated them AF-1), where they served aboard the aircraft carrier NAe São Paulo prior to its decommissioning in February 2017.
Kuwait Skyhawks were replaced by F/A-18 Hornet in 1997.